Other features, though, like a strong brow bone, masculine nose, flat cheeks, a long upper lip, a strong jaw, or a visible Adam’s apple are often best addressed with a surgical procedure. Some of these masculine features can be at least partially addressed with non-surgical procedures like hormone therapy, hair transplantation, and hair removal. These changes include alterations in hair distribution, facial bone structure, and the thickness and location of soft tissue.

Nearly every culture has widely accepted cues that an individual can adopt to augment or decrease this affect using clothing, hairstyle, or other adornments, but even without these cues, our brains are very attuned to the subtle changes caused by testosterone. These changes are typically only a few millimeters in any dimension, but quite powerful. Testosterone produces characteristic changes in the face that are commonly used in society to assign a male gender label. Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) Explained